bytedance

monoio

Backend#Rust#io_uring#Async#Networking#Runtime

4,944

// summary

Monoio is a thread-per-core Rust asynchronous runtime that utilizes io_uring, epoll, and kqueue for efficient I/O operations. By avoiding work-stealing, it eliminates the need for tasks to implement Send or Sync, allowing for safe and efficient use of thread-local storage. This architecture is specifically optimized for I/O-bound server applications where maximizing throughput is the primary goal.

// technical analysis

Monoio is a high-performance, thread-per-core Rust async runtime designed specifically for I/O-bound server applications. By utilizing a thread-per-core model, it eliminates the need for tasks to be Send or Sync, allowing for safe use of thread-local storage and avoiding the overhead associated with work-stealing runtimes. It leverages native asynchronous I/O APIs like io_uring, epoll, and kqueue to maximize throughput, though this design choice prioritizes performance over universal compatibility.

// key highlights

Implements a thread-per-core architecture that removes the requirement for tasks to be Send or Sync, simplifying development for thread-local data.

Provides native support for io_uring, epoll, and kqueue to achieve maximum I/O throughput on Linux and macOS.

Operates as a standalone runtime rather than running on top of another, ensuring higher efficiency and lower overhead.

Optimized for server-side workloads where network I/O is the primary bottleneck, such as load balancers.

Utilizes unstable Rust features and a custom I/O abstraction to push performance boundaries beyond existing runtimes.

// use cases

High-performance network servers and load balancers

I/O-bound applications requiring native asynchronous I/O support

Systems where thread-local data access is preferred over cross-thread task migration

// getting started

To begin, ensure you are using Rust 1.75 or later and verify that your Linux kernel supports io_uring (version 5.6+) with appropriate memlock configurations. You can then add Monoio to your project and use the #[monoio::main] macro to define your entry point, utilizing the provided TcpListener and stream abstractions to build your asynchronous network services.